Vos M.V. et al. NASPGHAN clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children: recommendations from the expert committee on NAFLD (ECON) and the North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) // J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017. Vol. 64, № 2. P. 319–334.
Singh S. et al. Fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver vs nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of paired-biopsy studies // Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015. Vol. 13, № 4. P.643-654.e1-9; quiz e39-40.
Eslam M. et al. Defining paediatric metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement // Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021. Vol. 6, № 10. P. 864-873.
Colucci A. et al. Pediatric vs. adult NAFLD to MAFLD transition: a welcome but tangled path // Explor Med. 2021. № 2. P. 333-342.
Le Garf S., Nègre V., Anty R., Gual P. Metabolic fatty liver disease in children: a growing public health problem // Biomedicines. 2021. № 9. P. 1915.
Hegarty R., Kyrana E., Fitzpatrick E., Dhawan A. Fatty liver disease in children (MAFLD/PeFLD Type 2): unique classification considerations and challenges // Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2023. Vol. 14. Р. 1–14.
Zhang L, El-Shabrawi M, Baur LA, Byrne CD, Targher G, Kehar M, Porta G, Lee WS, Lefere S, Turan S, Alisi A, Weiss R, Faienza MF, Ashraf A, Sundaram SS, Srivastava A, De Bruyne R, Kang Y, Bacopoulou F, Zhou YH, Darma A, Lupsor-Platon M, Hamaguchi M, Misra A, Méndez-Sánchez N, Ng NBH, Marcus C, Staiano AE, Waheed N, Alqahtani SA, Giannini C, Ocama P, Nguyen MH, Arias-Loste MT, Ahmed MR, Sebastiani G, Poovorawan Y, Al Mahtab M, Pericàs JM, Reverbel da Silveira T, Hegyi P, Azaz A, Isa HM, Lertudomphonwanit C, Farrag MI, Nugud AAA, Du HW, Qi KM, Mouane N, Cheng XR, Al Lawati T, Fagundes EDT, Ghazinyan H, Hadjipanayis A, Fan JG, Gimiga N, Kamal NM, Ștefănescu G, Hong L, Diaconescu S, Li M, George J, Zheng MH. An international multidisciplinary consensus on pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Med. 2024 Jul 12;5(7):797-815.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.03.017. Epub 2024 Apr 26. PMID: 38677287.
Haas J.T., Francque S., Staels B. Pathophysiology and mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease // Annu Rev Physiol. 2016. № 78. Р. 181-205.
Ipsen D.H., Ipsen D.H., Lykkesfeldt J., Tveden-Nyborg P. Molecular mechanisms of hepatic lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease // Cell Mol Life Sci. 2018. № 75. Р. 3313-3327.
Antonella M., Pietrobattista A., Maggiore G. Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A New Term for a More Appropriate Therapy in Pediatrics? Pediatr. Rep. 2024, 16, 288–299.
EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016. № 64. Р. 1388–1402.
Eslam M. et al. International Consensus Panel. MAFLD: a consensus-driven proposed nomenclature for metabolic associated fatty liver disease // Gastroenterology. 2020. № 158. Р. 1999-2014.e1.
Vittorio J., Lavine J.E. Recent advances in understanding and managing pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease // F1000Res. 2020. № 9:F1000 Faculty Rev-377.
Schwimmer J.B. et al. Prevalence of fatty liver in children and adolescents // Pediatrics. 2006. Vol. 118, № 4:P. 1388–93.
Byrne C.D., Targher G. NAFLD: A multisystem disease // Journal of hepatology. 2015. Vol. 62, Issue 1S. P. S47-S64.
Zhao Y. et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic dysfunction fatty liver disease (MAFLD) // Int J Mol Sci. 2023. Vol. 24, № 24. Р.17514.
Branković M. et al. New Therapeutic approaches for the treatment of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and increased cardiovascular risk // Diagnostics (Basel). 2024. Vol. 14, № 2. Р.229.
Boney C.M. et al. Metabolic syndrome in childhood: association with birth weight, maternal obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus // Pediatrics. 2005. № 115. Р. e290–e296.
Alfani R. et al. Pediatric fatty liver and obesity: not always just a matter of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease // Children (Basel). 2018. № 5. Р. 169.
Vimalesvaran S., Vajro P., Dhawan A. Pediatric metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease: current insights and future perspectives // Hepatology International. 2024.
Петеркова В.А., Нагаева Е.В., Ширяева Т.Ю. Методические рекомендации: Оценка физического развития детей и подростков. Москва, 2017 г., 98 с.
Маевская М.В. и соавт. Национальный Консенсус для врачей по ведению взрослых пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени и ее основными коморбидными состояниями // Терапевтический архив. 2022. Т. 94, № 2. C. 216-253.
Obika M., Noguchi H. Diagnosis and evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease // Exp Diabetes Res. 2012; 2012: 145754.
Rinella M.E. et al. Nomenclature consensus group. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature // Hepatology. 2023. Vol. 78, № 6. Р.1966-1986.
Draijer L.G. et al. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of screening tests ALT and ultrasound for pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease // Eur J Pediatr. 2019. №178. Р. 863-70.
Draijer L., Benninga M., Koot B. Pediatric NAFLD: an overview and recent developments in diagnostics and treatment // Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019. №13. Р. 447-61.
Ferraioli G., Soares Monteiro L.B. Ultrasound-based techniques for the diagnosis of liver steatosis // World J Gastroenterol. 2019. Vol. 25, № 40. Р. 6053-6062.
Ferraioli G. et al. Noninvasive assessment of liver steatosis in children: the clinical value of controlled attenuation parameter // BMC Gastroenterol. 2017. №17. Р. 61.
Pu K. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) as a non-invasive test for steatosis in suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis // BMC gastroenterology. 2019. Vol. 19, № 1. Р. 1-11.
Shin J. et al. Quick assessment with controlled attenuation parameter for hepatic steatosis in children based on MRI-PDFF as the gold standard // BMC Pediatr. 2019, № 19. Р. 112.
Schwimmer J.B. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and liver histology as biomarkers of hepatic steatosis in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease // Hepatology. 2015. Vol. 69, № 6. Р. 1887-1895.
Verhaegh P. et al. Noninvasive tests do not accurately differentiate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from simple steatosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis // Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018, №16. Р. 837–861.
Kleiner D.E. et al. Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease // Hepatology. 2005, № 41. Р. 1313–1321.
Nobili V. et al. Comparison of the phenotype and approach to pediatric vs adult patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease // Gastroenterology. 2016, № 150. Р. 1798–1810.
Papatheodoridi M. et al. Refining the Baveno VI elastography criteria for the definition of compensated advanced chronic liver disease // J Hepatol. 2021. Vol. 74, № 5. Р. 1109-16.
Petroff D. et al. Assessment of hepatic steatosis by controlled attenuation parameter using the M and XL probes: an individual patient data meta- analysis // Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021. Vol. 6, № 3. Р. 185-98.
Chen B.R., Pan C.Q. Non-invasive assessment of fibrosis and steatosis in pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease // Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology. 2022. Vol. 46, No. 1. P. 101755.
38. Nobili V. et al. The pediatric NAFLD fibrosis index: a predictor of liver fibrosis in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease // BMC Med. 2009, № 7. Р. 21.
Yang H.R. et al. Noninvasive parameters and hepatic fibrosis scores in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease // World J Gastroenterol. 2012, № 18. Р. 1525–1530.
Lin Y.C., Wu C.C., Ni Y.H. New perspectives on genetic prediction for pediatric metabolic associated fatty liver disease // Front Pediatr. 2020, № 8. Р. 603654.
DeVore S. et al. A multidisciplinary clinical program is effective in stabilizing BMI and reducing transaminase levels in pediatric patients with NAFLD // J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 2013, № 57. Р. 19–123.
González-Ruiz K. et al. The Effects of Exercise on Abdominal Fat and Liver Enzymes in Pediatric Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis // Child. Obes. 2017, № 13. Р. 272–282.
Keating S.E. et al. Exercise and non- alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis // J Hepatol. 2012. Vol. 57, № 1. Р. 157-66.
Hashida R. et al. Aerobic vs. resistance exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review // J Hepatol. 2017. Vol. 66, № 1. Р. 142-152.
WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Ramon-Krauel M. et al. A low-glycemic-load versus low-fat diet in the treatment of fatty liver in obese children // Childhood obesity. 2013. Vol. 9, № 3. Р. 252–60.
Nobili V. et al. NAFLD in children: a prospective clinical-pathological study and effect of lifestyle advice // Hepatology. 2006. Vol. 44, № 2. Р. 458-65.
De Ruyter J.C. et al. A trial of sugar-free or sugar-sweetened beverages and body weight in children // N Engl J Med. 2012, 367. Р. 1397–1406.
Ebbeling C.B. et al. A randomized trial of sugar-sweetened beverages and adolescent body weight // N Engl J Med. 2012, 367. Р. 1407–1416.
Schwimmer J.B. et al. Effect of a low free sugar diet vs usual diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescent boys: a randomized clinical trial // JAMA. 2019. Vol. 321, № 3. Р. 256–65.
Lee D. et al. Important food sources of fructose-containing sugars and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials // Nutrients. 2022. Vol. 14, № 14. Р. 2846.
Vilar-Gomez E. et al. Treatment of NAFLD with diet, physical activity and exercise // J Hepatol. 2017. Vol. 67, № 4. Р. 829-846.
Pacifico L. et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on hepatic fat and associated cardiovascular risk factors in overweight children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease // Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015, № 25. Р. 734–741.
Janczyk W. et al. Omega-3 fatty acids therapy in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial // J Pediatr. 2015, № 166. Р. 1358–1363.
Lavine J.E. et al. Effect of vitamin E or metformin for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: the TONIC randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2011; 305: 1659–1668.
Flisiak-Jackiewicz M., Lebensztejn D.M. Update on pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children // Clin Exp Hepatol. 2019. Vol. 5, № 1. Р. 11-21.
Cheng F.S. et al. Probiotic mixture VSL#3: An overview of basic and clinical studies in chronic diseases. World J Clin Cases. 2020. Vol. 8, № 8. Р. 1361-1384.
Vajro P. et al. Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG in pediatric obesity-related liver disease // J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011, № 52. Р.740–743.
Alisi A. et al. Randomised clinical trial: The beneficial effects of VSL#3 in obese children with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis // Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014, № 39. Р. 1276–1285.
Famouri F. et al. Effects of probiotics on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents // J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017, № 64. Р. 413–417.
Temple J.L. et al. A Guide to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in childhood and adolescence // Int J Mol Sci. 2016. Vol. 17, № 6. Р. 947.
Lin X. et al. Efficiency of ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022. Vol. 16, № 6. Р. 537–545.
Bjelakovic G.I., Nikolova D., Gluud C. Meta-regression analyses, meta-analyses, and trial sequential analyses of the effects of supplementation with beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E singly or in different combinations on all-cause mortality: do we have evidence for lack of harm? // PLoS One. 2013, № 8. Р. e74558.
Bjelakovic G. et al. Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012. № 3.
Armstrong M.J. et al. Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study // Lancet. 2016. Vol. 387, № 10019. Р. 679-690.
Vos M.B. et al. A randomized, controlled, crossover pilot study of losartan for pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease // Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2018, № 4. Р. 109.
Inge T.H. et al. Weight loss and health status 3 years after bariatric surgery in adolescents // N Engl J Med. 2016, № 14. Р. 113–123.
Alqahtani A.R., Elahmedi M.O., Al Qahtani A. Co-morbidity resolution in morbidly obese children and adolescents undergoing sleeve gastrectomy // Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2014, № 10. Р. 842–850.
Singh S. et al. Fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver vs nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of paired-biopsy studies // Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015. Vol. 13, № 4. Р. 643-54.e1-9.
Harrison S.A. et al. Prospective evaluation of the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis in a large middle-aged US cohort // Journal of hepatology. 2021. Vol. 75, № 2. Р. 284-291.
Bedossa P. Current histological classification of NAFLD: strength and limitations // Hepatol Int. 2013. Vol. 7 Suppl 2. Р. 765-70.
Bedossa P. FLIP Pathology Consortium. Utility and appropriateness of the fatty liver inhibition of progression (FLIP) algorithm and steatosis, activity, and fibrosis (SAF) score in the evaluation of biopsies of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease // Hepatology. 2014. Vol. 60, № 2. Р. 565-75.
Бевз А.С., Бокова Т.А., Дрибноходова О.П., Корчагин В.И.Связь полиморфизма rs8192678 C/T гена PPARGC1A с развитием метаболически ассоциированной жировой болезни печени у детей с ожирением, проживающих в Московском регионе. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2024;226(6):14-19. https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-226-6-14-19
Бокова Т.А. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени и основные компоненты метаболического синдрома у детей. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2020;173(1): 15–20. DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-173-1-15-20.
Гончаров А.А., Сасунова А.Н., Исаков В.А. Сравнительная информативность параметров контролируемого затухания (CAPc) и непрерывного контролируемого затухания (CAP) для различных стадий неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2024; 222 (2): 55–63. DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-222-2-55-63.
Lin YC, Liao FM, Chao HC, Chen AC, Jeng YM, Lin CC, Tiao MM, Yang YJ, Yeung CY, Chen HL, Ni YH. Consensus Statement on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Children and Adolescents From the Joint TASL-TSPGHAN Expert Committee. JGH Open. 2025 Jun 12;9(6):e70137. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.70137. PMID: 40520848; PMCID: PMC12162361
Pacifico L, Chiesa C, Anania C, De Merulis A, Osborn JF, Romaggioli S, Gaudio E. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the heart in children and adolescents. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Jul 21;20(27):9055-71. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i27.9055. PMID: 25083079; PMCID: PMC4112863
Millán-Rodríguez C, Castelló CP, Caballero-Valderrama MR, Esquivias GB. Clinical Management of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis and the Role of the Cardiologist. Eur Cardiol. 2023 Dec 22;18:e64. doi: 10.15420/ecr.2023.22. PMID: 38213666; PMCID: PMC10782421
Alazraki AL. Dietary sugar restriction reduces hepatic de novo lipogenesis in adolescent boys with fatty liver disease. J Clin Invest. 2021 Dec 15;131(24):e150996. doi: 10.1172/JCI150996
Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А. Метаболически ассоциированная жировая болезнь печени – заболевание XXI века. Consilium Medicum. 2022;24(5):325–332. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2022.5.201532
Бокова Т.А. Михалева О.Г Опыт применения лираглутида в лечении подростков с осложненным ожирением Лечение и профилактика. 2023;13(3):55-60.
Chaves FGB, Oliveira GF, Ribeiro JP, Serafim JV, Cordeiro LFM, Alvares MA, Cecchi MT, Vasquez MC, Souza TBD, Rullo VEV. The therapeutic impact of probiotics on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in pediatrics: a systematic review. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2021;39:e2019226. doi: 10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2019226. Epub 2020 Aug 26. PMID: 32876312; PMCID: PMC7450687
Настаушева Т.Л., Ситникова В.П., Швырев А.П., Стахурлова П.И., Стеньшинская Е.В., Звягина Т.Г., Кулакова Е.Н., Савченко А.П. Протеинурия у детей и подростков: генез, диагностический алгоритм, принципы терапии. Нефрология. Вопросы детской нефрологии. 2011; 15(2):70-76.
Nardolillo M, Rescigno F, Bartiromo M, Piatto D, Guarino S, Marzuillo P, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Di Sessa A. Interplay between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and renal function: An intriguing pediatric perspective. World J Gastroenterol. 2024 Apr 21;30(15):2081-2086. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i15.2081. PMID: 38681989; PMCID: PMC11045477.
Пыков М.И., Кузьмина Н.Е., Ростовцев Н.М. Возможности эластографии сдвиговой волной в комплексной оценке паренхимы печени у детей. Медицинский совет. 2022;16(12):146–151. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-12-146-151.
Жернов В.А., Фролков В.К., Зубаркина М.М. Механизмы лечебного действия акупунктуры и питьевых минеральных вод при метаболическом синдроме. Вопросы курортологии, физиотерапии и лечебной физической культуры. 2017;94(2):36 41
Mansouri, K., M. A.Storz, T.Hanh, and A.Hahn. 2025. “Beyond Thirst: Influence of Bicarbonate Mineral Water on Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Gastrointestinal Function, and Liver Health.” Food Science & Nutrition13, no. 12: e71183. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.71183
Бевз А.А., Бокова Т.А. Жировая болезнь печени у детей: современные парадигмы. Лечащий Врач. 2026; 4 (29): 68-74. https://doi.org/10.51793/OS.2026.29.4.009
Санаторно-курортное лечение: национальное руководство / под ред. А.Н. Разумова, В.И. Стародубова, Г.Н. Пономаренко.- Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2021.- 752с.- doi:10.33029/9704-6022-1-SKL-2021-1-752
Клинические рекомендации «Ожирение у детей» (год утверждения 2024) https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/229_3
Ruzman L, Mikolasevic I, Baraba Dekanic K, Milic S, Palcevski G. Advances in diagnosis of chronic liver diseases in pediatric patients. World J Pediatr. 2018 Dec;14(6):541-547. doi: 10.1007/s12519-018-0197-8. Epub 2018 Oct 10. PMID: 30306466.
Fitzpatrick E, Quaglia A, Vimalesvaran S, Basso MS, Dhawan A. Transient elastography is a useful noninvasive tool for the evaluation of fibrosis in paediatric chronic liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013 Jan;56(1):72-6. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31826f2760. PMID: 22922372.
Bicha S, Boumaraf H, Lakehal A. Shear wave elastography as a non-invasive tool for staging liver fibrosis in children: A study in Algerian pediatric patients. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2024 Jun;43(3):601-608. doi: 10.1007/s12664-023-01464-3. Epub 2023 Nov 14. PMID: 37962819.
Lee S, Choi YH, Cho YJ, Lee SB, Cheon JE, Kim WS, Ko JS, Koh J, Kang GH. The usefulness of noninvasive liver stiffness assessment using shear-wave elastography for predicting liver fibrosis in children. BMC Med Imaging. 2021 Apr 12;21(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s12880-021-00601-8. PMID: 33845776; PMCID: PMC8040233.